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Construction of Cleanrooms - Fire Protection and Weak Current Installation Techniques
2026/10/20
Main implementation standards: "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" GB 50016, "Design Code for Fire Automatic Alarm System" GB 50116, "Design Code for Clean Workshops" GB 50073, "Construction and Acceptance Standards for Fire Automatic Alarm System" GB 50166.
01 Overall Construction Principles
The construction should follow the core principles of "first the mezzanine, then the interior, first fire prevention, then sealing, minimize openings, and zero dust". The construction should start after the installation of the color steel plate enclosure and the final sealing of the clean room. All opening and cutting operations should be completed in advance, and construction debris should be cleaned immediately to avoid dust accumulation in the mezzanine. Priority should be given to using concealed wiring in ceiling mezzanines, wall cavities, and electrical shafts to minimize exposed pipelines and protruding equipment in the clean room and reduce dust accumulation points. All through-wall and through-ceiling holes must implement both fireproof sealing and airtight sealing processes.
02 Material Entry Requirements
All fire control hosts, detectors, modules, manual alarms, sound and light alarms, broadcasting, emergency lighting, etc. must have 3C certification, be in good appearance, and have complete documentation. Cables should be selected as fire-resistant and fireproof special cables, and be classified and laid separately. Pipes should preferentially use hot-dip galvanized steel pipes and JDG fastening tubes. It is strictly prohibited to lay PVC pipes openly in the clean room to prevent debris from accumulating and affecting the cleanliness standard.
03 Pipeline Laying Construction Technology
The fire protection weak electrical system of the clean workshop mainly adopts concealed wiring in the ceiling mezzanine. Only terminal equipment points are reserved in the clean room. The pipelines in the mezzanine are horizontal and vertical, fixed firmly, and the metal pipelines are reliably grounded. Cables must not be directly laid on insulation materials or rock wool. Different functional cables should be laid separately to avoid interference and the filling rate of the cables in the pipe should comply with the specification requirements.
Mechanical hole cutters must be used for color steel plate ceilings and wall openings. Hot cutting with high temperature is strictly prohibited to prevent ignition of the core material of the color steel plate and damage to the plate structure. The opening size must be precisely matched with the equipment base and no random expansion is allowed. Pipes passing through firewalls and clean enclosure structures should be equipped with dedicated sleeves. On the mezzanine side, fireproof mud and fireproof sealing materials should be used for strict fireproof sealing, and the sealing materials must not be exposed in the clean room.
Large-scale open laying of pipelines in the clean room is strictly prohibited. When it is necessary to lay openly in special circumstances, only smooth metal pipes should be used, and the installation should be flat and without burrs to facilitate daily dust removal and wiping. All cable laying should have no hard bends or damages, and circuit markings should be made throughout. The strong and weak electrical pipelines should be strictly separated and maintained a safe and standard distance.
04 Terminal Equipment Installation Technology
Strictly follow the principle of no modules in the clean room. All input and output modules should be uniformly installed in non-clean areas such as ceiling mezzanines and electrical shafts, and reserved maintenance ports. Only detectors, manual alarms, sound and light, broadcasting, and emergency lighting terminals are retained in the clean room.
Smoke and temperature detectors are installed in an embedded manner, with a solid base, a flat board surface, and uniform gaps. Gaps are sealed with clean sealing glue to prevent the glue from blocking the smoke intake holes of the detectors or contaminating the sensing window. Equipment points should avoid the exhaust outlets of high-efficiency filters. Manual alarm buttons are installed at a bottom edge 1.3-1.5 meters from the ground, mainly in an embedded installation, and the panel should be flush with the wall and sealed tightly.
Fire broadcasting, sound and light alarms, and emergency evacuation lamps are all installed in an embedded manner to reduce protruding structures and avoid dust accumulation. The equipment shells are selected from smooth and easy-to-clean materials to meet the cleaning requirements of the clean workshop. The fire alarm extension is installed in an embedded and sealed manner, with independent wiring. It must not share the circuit with the broadcasting lines.
05 Double sealing process for holes
Sealing is the core process of fire protection construction in clean workshops. It strictly adheres to the "internal fire prevention, external air tightness" dual standards. All through-wall and through-ceiling holes in the panels and ceilings are sealed for fire prevention, blocking the paths for fire spread; the decorative side of the clean room is sealed with neutral anti-mold and purification silicone sealant, which is flat and smooth without any uneven gaps, meeting both fire prevention requirements and ensuring stable pressure difference and air tightness in the workshop. Sealing strips are added to the inspection openings in the ceiling to meet both clean sealing and fire-resistant requirements.
06 Wiring and system debugging
Equipment wiring uses terminal crimping technology to prevent exposed copper wires. Each circuit line is clearly classified and fully labeled. The cables in the fire control room are neatly bound, and the system is reliably grounded. The grounding resistance complies with design specifications. After all wiring and sealing construction are completed and the site debris is cleaned up, the debugging work can be carried out.
Debugging process: Insulation test of lines → Single machine function verification → System linkage debugging. Key tests include the dedicated linkage logic of the clean workshop, which can automatically shut down the purification air conditioning, FFU fans, fresh air fans, and corresponding fire dampers after the alarm is triggered, and start the smoke exhaust system and emergency evacuation system. The linkage debugging is carried out outside the production period to avoid the impact of pressure difference and environmental fluctuations on production.
07 Product protection and quality control
After the construction is completed and before the final acceptance, sensitive equipment such as detectors and broadcasts are sealed and protected with protective films to prevent subsequent construction dust from polluting the equipment. Construction waste in the ceiling cavity is promptly cleared to eliminate fire hazards. Throughout the process, common quality issues such as gas cutting for holes, sealing silicone for equipment probes, adding modules to the clean room, and random laying of pipes are completely avoided to ensure the compliant operation of the fire protection system and the environmental standards of the clean workshop.
